Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Fabrizio Paolacci
Roma Tre University, Italy
Keynote: A probabilistic risk assessment of process plants under seismic loading
Time : 9:15-10:00
Biography:
Fabrizio Paolacci graduated in Civil Engineering in 1992 at the University of Rome "La Sapienza" and completed his PhD in Structural Engineering in 1997. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor in Structural Engineering at University Roma Tre, Department of Engineering. He gained a long standing experience in the management of research projects about experimental assessment of the seismic response of structures. He is currently PI of many European projects. From 2008 to 2013, he assumed the role of Scientific Coordinator of the Laboratory of Testing Materials and Structures of the Department of Structures of the University Roma Tre. He has received a Fellowship provided by CNR (National Research Council) for a research activity of six months at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of University of California at Berkeley from September 1999 to February 2000 as a Visiting Scholar. He is author of more than 100 publications in international peer-reviewed journals and conferences.
Abstract:
The vulnerability of the urbanized territory against Na-Tech events represents a strategic issue because of the general unpreparedness of the countries in predicting effects and consequences in the aftermath of a disaster. Unfortunately, despite the continuous evolution of the knowledge on this matter there is lack of information about possible procedures to predict damage propagation within a process plant and in the surrounding areas and the quantification of the risk under Na-Tech events. The effects of earthquakes on chemical plants may be important, as demonstrated by the recent 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, where many industrial plants suffered to important damages and losses. It is known that the classical Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) methods cannot be applied to evaluate consequence in case of earthquakes, because of the presence of multi-damage conditions in more than one equipment and generation of multiple-chains of events and consequences. In literature, several attempts to modify the classic QRA approach have been formalized but without converging toward a unified approach. In this paper, a new tool for the probabilistic risk assessment of process plants under seismic loading is proposed, which is based on Monte Carlo simulations. In particular, starting from the seismic hazard curve of the site, a multi-level approach is proposed, in which the first level is represented by the components seismically damaged, whereas the following levels are treated through a classical consequence analysis, but including propagation of multiple simultaneous and interacting chains of accidents. The procedure has been implemented in the PRIAMUS software, which assumes that the accident may be represented by a sequence of propagation levels. With a series of automatically generated samples of damage propagation scenarios, the risk of the plant can be easily quantified. The application to a petrochemical plant shows the potentiality of the method and envisages possible further evolutions.
Keynote Forum
Tatsushi Nishi
Osaka University, Japan
Keynote: Matheuristics application to ship routing and scheduling problem in crude oil transportation
Time : 10:00-10:45
Biography:
Tatsushi Nishi received the BS degree in Chemical Engineering from Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan and PhD degree in Process Systems Engineering from Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. He became a Research Associate with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Okayama University, Okayama, Japan. Currently, he is an Associate Professor with the Department of Mathematical Science for Social Systems, Graduate School of Engineering Science at Osaka University, Japan. His research interests include discrete optimization, discrete event systems, production scheduling, decentralized optimization algorithms, supply chain optimization, multiple mobile robots control and manufacturing systems. He has authored or coauthored more than 100 technical publications. He has won several awards including National Instruments Corporation Young Investigator Award from the 2006 International Symposium on Flexible Automation; 2014, 2015 Outstanding Paper award from the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management.
Abstract:
The global logistics strategy is driven by the new economic structure. Oil is considered as one of the most consumed energy resource in Japan. Due to lack of the domestic resource, Japan was the second-largest importer of oil in the world after the United States in 2009. This country is primarily dependent on the Middle East for its oil imports, as roughly 80 percent of Japanese crude oil imports originate in the region up from 70 percent in the mid-1980. In this paper, we propose an optimization approach to solve the international crude oil transportation problem. In order to increase the efficiency, the assignment, the sequence and the loading volume of demands should be optimized simultaneously. In many practical situations, these decisions are executed manually by the negotiation between the human operators based on the contract with suppliers individually. In order to help the decision of human operators, the automatic generation of the practical ship scheduling is highly required to avoid the human errors and increase the efficiency of decision making. In this paper, we present matheuristics application to propose a solution approach to the international crude oil transportation problem based on a real loading planning case in Japanese oil industry. A column generation approach together with partial optimization metaheuristics under special intensification conditions is proposed to solve the problem efficiently. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
- Enhanced Oil Recovery | Petroleum Geology &Petroleum Engineering | Sustainable Energy | Transportation
Location: 1
Chair
Sun Renyuan
China University of Petroleum, China
Session Introduction
Sun Renyuan
China University of Petroleum, China
Title: Experiment studies on N2-viscosity depressant with steam stimulation for shallow thin super-heavy oil reservoirs
Biography:
Sun Renyuan is a Professor of Petroleum Engineering in the School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China). His research includes unconventional oil and gas development, enhanced oil and gas recovery.
Abstract:
On the basis of the characteristics of thin layers, low reservoir temperature and super heavy oil of Block X of CF oilfield in China, a new technology of HDNS (including Horizontal well, viscosity Depressant, Nitrogen and Steam) was proposed and a series of experiments were conducted to analyze the mechanisms of HDNS. The self-designed equipment, which includes the steam generation system, gas injection system, chemical injection system, the sand-parking sample system, the temperature-controlled system, the metering system of produced fluids and the data collecting system, was used for the simulation. Experiments shows that the displacement efficiency increases with the increase of the steam temperature and the injecting rate of steam, but too high steam injection rate will decrease the displacement efficiency because of steam channeling. Compared with steam huff and puff the displacement efficiency of viscosity depressant assisted steam (DS), increases about 20% because of the thermal chemical effect. The viscosity depressant, N2 assisted steam huff and puff (DNS) can increase the displacement efficiency in about 18% by using the synergistic effects of viscosity depressant, N2 and steam. In the process of DNS stimulation, the viscosity depressant can reduce the viscosity of super heavy oil combined with the effect of steam, which is called as thermal chemical effect. The N2 can prevent the steam channeling in the reservoir and decrease the heat loss in the process of steam stimulation. The DNS stimulation can effectively reduce the oil viscosity and the steam injection pressure, expand the steam sweep efficiency. By using this technology, Block X of CF oilfield has been successfully developed in these years.
Bjørn Kvamme
University of Bergen, Norway
Title: Non-equilibrium modeling of hydrates in porous medium
Biography:
Bjørn Kvamme obtained his MSc in Chemical Engineering (1981) and PhD in Chemical Engineering (1984) from the Norwegian University of Technology and Natural Sciences. After a short period with SINTEF and two years at Bergen University College, he was appointed as full Professor in 1987 and started education of MSc and PhD in Process Technology in Telemark. He is appointed as a Professor in Gas Processing at the Department of Physics, University of Bergen in March 2000. He is the author/co-author of 422 publications during last 25 years, of which 148 are in good international scientific journals. He has 2270 citations as per May 1, 2017, and has presented numerous papers at international conferences.
Abstract:
In this paper, we focus on the geological storage of CO2 in reservoirs with zones that are cold enough to facilitate CO2 hydrate formation at local pressures. A 2D hydro-chemical mechanical model which has five layers (three layers with aquifers and two layers with cap rock in which we introduced two fractures) is created. We apply a reactive transport reservoir simulator, RetrasoCodeBright (RCB), in which hydrate is treated as a pseudo mineral. Following the recent modifications to account for hydrate dynamics in the code through a kinetic approach, we have further improved the simulator to implement the non-equilibrium thermodynamic calculations. In the present study, we spot the light on the hydrate formation effects on porosity in different regions, as well as on the flow pattern. These simulations are based on classical relationships between porosity and permeability, but the outline of ongoing modifications is presented as well. A critical question in such systems is whether hydrate formation can contribute to stabilizing the storage, given that hydrates are pore filling and cannot be stable toward mineral surfaces. The implications of hydrate formation on the geo-mechanical properties of the model reservoir are other aspects addressed in this study. This is an ongoing study with a constant development of adding new phase transitions involving hydrate into the simulator. Hydrate formation from aqueous solutions of hydrate formers is the most recent addition. Hydrate formation from primary or secondary adsorption on minerals is in progress. The overall goals is a hydrate simulator that can imitate real production scenarios (pressure reduction, temperature change, CO2 injection) but also become a tool for estimating leakage fluxed of methane due to contact between hydrate and ground water under saturated with methane.
Shigeru Yao
Fukuoka University, Japan
Title: Interaction between side chain crystalline block co-polymer and wax and its function
Biography:
Shigeru Yao is a Doctor of Engineering, currently working as a Professor of Department of Chemical Engineering, Fukuoka University. He has obtained his Engineering Doctor’s degree at Kyoto University. Currently, his research focus is on self-organization mechanism of polymer and especially the crystalline supramolecular interaction between side chain crystalline block co-polymer and crystalline polymer. He also focuses on the material recycle of polymers.
Abstract:
A block co-polymer constructed with two monomers: a monomer with a long alkane side-chain (more than 10 carbon atoms) and another monomer with various function (such as solvent affinity), shows side-chain crystallization (Side Chain Crystalline Block Co-polymer:SCCBC). Recently, we had found that the SCCBC has an adsorption function to polyethylene (PE) crystal and can modify the surface property of PE chemically and easily. By using this function, SCCBC can be a good dispersant for PE particle dispersion. Dispersant mechanism by SCCBC shows adsorption function caused by the construction of pseudo crystal between macromolecules of PE surface and long alkyl side chains of SCCBC. This interaction is called as crystalline supramolecular interaction. The wax is considered to be a low molecular weight PE. In this study, we found that the crystal structure of wax was influenced by SCCBC. Moreover, a concentrated wax/oil mixture was not solidified with a small amount of SCCBC. This result means that the SCCBC can be a good wax dispersant.
Yuri Galant
Independent Researcher, Israel
Title: Deep hydrocarbon sphere as a possible source for the formation of oil deposits
Biography:
Yuri Galant graduated from Baku State University, as Engineer - Geologist in Prospecting and Exploration of Mineral Resources. He then defended thesis on, “Natural gases southern slope of the Greater Caucasus and gas geochemical prospecting of sulfide ores”. In Baku, at Institute of Geology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, he did research on the degassing of the Earth, fluids of Kola ultradeep well and Saatli ultradeep well and on the development of gas-geochemical methods to search for polymetallic deposits. Degassing of the Earth is the basis for modeling the formation of oil and earthquake prediction. Oil Geneses is his favorite theme/scientific base as this is data of unique KOLA super deep well, (12600 m) and SAATLY super deep well, (8267 m). His other research interests are study and research of fluids/gas in different geological objects: Oil, ore, seepages, underground and mines water, mines air, soil, etc., and the different geological objects - genetic type of rocks, different ages from Q to Arz, in different structure: Rifts, platforms, faults, volcanoes and different depth from surface to ultradepth upto 12600 m. Now, he is building a model of the formation of petroleum, from the Big Bang to modern days. And also he tries to consider building a model of the formation of crude oil on the basis of magmatic aspects.
Abstract:
The issue of hydrocarbon sources to form the deposits of oil fields remains relevant, despite the long history of its study. Scientific advanced techniques in this case are the results of a study of unique ultra-deep wells. The greatest interests are SG-3 Kola which is unique and the deepest one in the world with 12262 meters and SG-1 Saatli with 8268 meters. Kola super-well has been drilled on the ancient Baltic shield and opposite to Saatli, which has been drilled on the young Kura rift structure. Thus, there is a unique opportunity to trace hydrocarbon saturation of ultradepth in the time interval from the ancient Archean rock to the present day. Hydrocarbon in SG1Saatly and the SG-3 Kola are in different forms like: Free, dissolved, adsorbed and occlude. In the Kola segment of the Baltic Shield abundantly distributed C1-C7 alkanes, and bitumen were there. The content of the gases in the microcracks of rocks is upto 55.8 liter / ton and bitumen up to 110 grams / ton. In closed rock pores and vacuoles methane content is in the range 0.04 -120.1 cm3 / kg. In the Saatli well, the composition of gases presented to C5, inclusive, and hydrocarbon gas saturation is up to 5.7 cm 3 / kg. In its composition, rocks gases unique ultradeep wells resemble the composition of oil and gas fields. Hydrocarbons of different forms and components exist along the whole section of Kola and Saatli. Thus, the combined section of diverse genetic groups of rocks and various types of geological structures like Kola (shield) and Saatli (geosyncline) showed that in ultradepth the temporary crustal section from the Archean 3 billion years and till today there are hydrocarbon gases. Thus ultradepth saturated hydrocarbons virtually exist from the early Archean geological history and up to modern times of the Earth and can be a source of oil and gas fields. Oil Geneses is my favorite theme. Scientific base for this is data of unique Kola Super deep well, (12600 m) and Saatli Super deep well, (8267 m). Studying and researching of fluids/gas in the different geological objects like: Oil, ore, seepages, underground and mines water, mines air, soil, etc., and the different geological objects, genetic type of rocks, different ages from Q to AR, in the different structures like: Rifts, platforms, faults, volcanoes and different depth from surface to ultra depth of 12 600 meter. It is allowed to create a new polygenic model for the formation of oil fields. This model offers perspectives of the search for new deposits in geological heterogeneous objects. On the basis of this model, it is expected to develop a new strategy of finding oil deposits.
Phuti Cedric Tsipa
Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa
Title: Method development for chemical degradation of waste tyres to produce oil and characterization thereof
Biography:
Phuti Cedric Tsipa is currently a Master’s student in the Centre for Rubber Science & Technology at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). He has completed his Bachelor’s degree in Chemistry and Polymer Science at the University of Stellenbosch and moved to NMMU for Post-graduate studies in Physical and Polymer Science. His research interest in this field was sparked during his honour’s year when he developed a method to extract processing oil used in the production of tyres. He subsequently developed a chemical degradation method for waste tyres to produce potentially reusable char and oil.
Abstract:
Tyre dumps are a growing problem around the world due to the challenges faced in the disposal of tyres. The complex nature of a tyre makes it resistant to biological degradation and difficult to dissolve or melt. One of the common processes in which waste tyres are recycled is pyrolysis. Although this method has been under research for many years, its products still have low market value. This study proposes a chemical degradation method as an indirect alternative to pyrolysis and attempts to produce valuable products. Characterization methods that were carried out on the oil were GC-MS and SIMDIST ASTM D86 for better understanding of the composition and petroleum fractions of the oil. The results showed that foreign compounds were present in the extracted oil compared to commercial oils. The bulk of the petroleum fractions of the oils were light vacuum gas oil 343-455 oC followed by heavy vacuum gas oil 455-566 oC. These findings indicate that oil produced by this method falls in the category of heavy oils, which can potentially be hydrocracked using a suitable catalyst to produce useful petroleum products.
Huang Zhiyong
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Title: Composite microbial oil displacement agent enhanced oil recovery in Changqing Oilfield, PR
Biography:
Abstract:
Crude oil recovery technologies were unable to meet the growing energy demand in China. Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) was one of the most effective recovery methods for the oil fields. Biosurfactant in oil degradation and emulsification changed the solid oil into liquid oil to be exploited. This was the most important mechanism of MEOR technology, but because of the complex geological conditions of different oil reservoir types, the microorganisms used in petroleum recovery lack enough environmental adaptability. Several high environmental adaptive capacity microfloras were screened, which withstand high temperature (30-80°C), salinity (NaCl concentration of 5-20%, w/v) and pH (5-9). Produced biosurfactant withstand 10-90°C, pH 5-12, NaCl concentration 1-20% (w/v). Further fermentation process optimization was carried out, and the active metabolites including bioemulsifiers, biosurfactants, acids and alcohol showed good potential for application. This can greatly improve the oil remaining after waterflood recovery from 11.55% to 30.78% by physical model. A variety of active microfloras which form a complex system can reduce the surface tension, improve emulsifying activity and emulsion stability. The surface tension (less than 30 mN/m) and emulsifying activity (more than 60%) were maintained at a strong level, better emulsification activity for crude oil can be maintained for more than 120 h, which showed potential industrial application. The composite microbial oil displacement agent with nutrients and trace elements has been injected into the oil well in Changqing Oilfield. Results showed that oil production of the low yielding well (0.2 T/day) was improved more than 3 times, the produced liquid water content decreased by more than 75%, from 85% reduced to 25%, oil recovery is improved by 5-8 times, from 0.15 T/d to 0.9 T/d.
Asif Mehmood
China University of Petroleum, China
Title: Geothermal energy potential of Pakistan on the basis of abandoned oil and gas wells
Biography:
Asif Mehmood has been doing PhD in Petroleum Engineering at China University of Petroleum (East china). His major is Reservoir Engineering.
Abstract:
In Pakistan, about 1000 oil and gas exploratory wells have been drilled having depth ranging from 230 m to +6400 m. More than 60 percent wells have been abandoned or dry wells. In spite of all exploratory efforts, the energy need of the country is not being overcome. Present study looks forward to reutilize these abandoned wells by using subsurface data related to thermal characteristics of rock sequence. Present study shows heartening geothermal gradient exception in lower Indus Basin coupled with buried fossil-fail-rift basement structure. Aeromagnetic survey has also disclosed significant prediction for the “hot dry rock” geothermal energy in Kharan-Panjgur tectonic depression in western part of the Pakistan. Literature review shows that, for electricity production, hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal environment offers massive potential. These resources are mostly much deeper than the hydrothermal resources. Hot dry rock energy comes from moderately water-free hot rock found at a depth of 4,000 meters or more below the earth surface. In contrast to a geothermal field in one of the tectonic/volcanic anomalies, the HDR system depends on the artificial simulation of tight formations by hydraulic fracturing to create underground heat exchanger. Fluid is circulated in closed circuit mode whereas reservoir pressure is managed by balanced production and injection rates in multiple well arrays. Current study shows the matchless application of collection data of oil and gas exploratory wells to develop renewable and sustainable energy operation in Pakistan.
Muhammad Rivaldi Anwar Putra
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Title: Petrophysical analysis and prediction of low resistivity pay zone at well ‘A’ at field ‘X’
Biography:
Muhammad Rivaldi Anwar Putra is currently pursuing his undergraduate studies in Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. He is the Member of American Association of Petroleum Geologist – Student Chapter in Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.
Abstract:
The zone which has a high resistivity value is identical to the hydrocarbon bearing zones, however zones with low resistivity tend to be ignored as a hydrocarbon zones. In fact, at some oil and gas fields in several countries such as Indonesia, China and America showed that hydrocarbon zones can be formed in the zones with low resistivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hydrocarbon zones with low resistivity in wells "A", at the field "X" between depths of 5514-5523 feet MD. Log data and core data are used in this study whereas the research is conducted by qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis used to determine lithology, facies and depositional environment of rocks in wells "A". The quantitative analysis used to determine the distribution of shale which is considered as a major influence on the formation of hydrocarbon bearing zones with low resistivity by using the Thomas-Stieber equation, calculation of porosity associated with the resulting distribution of shale and calculation of water saturation of the wells concerned using the Simandoux and Indonesia equation which is then compared with the Archie equation or core data. Quantitative analysis showed a significant result where at resistivity average of 5.8 ohm.m, the porosity has an average value of 17% and water saturation has an average value of 55.6%.
- Posters
Location: 1
Session Introduction
Szymon Kuczynski
AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Title: Economic analysis of energy storage in the form of hydrogen in salt caverns
Biography:
Szymon Kuczynski is currently working as a Research Assistant in Natural Gas Engineering Department. His research interests are related to fluid mechanics, natural gas composition analysis, real time in situ monitoring systems, energy sources and mathematical models.
Abstract:
With currently observed increase of the demand of hydrogen, new ventures and projects are conducted to deal with certain stages of generation of this chemical element. Hydrogen has numerous advantages in various industries. The most crucial one is the wide range of production techniques using several resources, making it more applicable as compared to other chemical elements. The other advantage is its environmental friendly application as an energy source. This issue may make considerable change in automotive industry in the nearest future. With certain number of advantages, a few disadvantages are observed. The most essential problem is associated with lack of necessary facilities: Mass production units, transportation grids and storage systems. The last point could be solved with salt caverns and depleted oil and gas reservoirs, as they offer large deposit quantities and impermeable interior to keep the hydrogen inside. Complex examination of this part would simplify and intensify the technical studies regarding the hydrogen usage. Paper investigates the economic influence of particular parameters of hydrogen storage in salt caverns. The initial point of the research is the stage of leaching the cavern to enable the storage with any relevant machinery. The following cavern elements involve completion devices as wellhead and exploitation pipes. Surface technical setup consists of the hydrogen compressing facility, pumping equipment, gas (hydrogen) drying unit, gas reduction and measurement plants. Necessary supporting infrastructures needed to maintain the work: Electric steerable systems, preparation of plant (ground possession, construction of roads and staff base). The economic analysis covers different scenarios with respect to the localization, cavern volume, years of usage of the facility and resources prices. NPV and IRR factors for scenarios are evaluated.
Mariusz Laciak
AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Title: Innovative solution dedicated to performance and safety tests procedures of compressed natural gas (CNG) home fast refueling stations
Biography:
Mariusz Laciak is a Professor and Head of Natural Gas department at Drilling, Oil and Gas Faculty at AGH UST. His main research activities are related to natural gas transmission, natural gas production, natural gas energy and utilization.
Abstract:
Mobility is a must of everyday life, which led us to the oil dependence. Global economic changes caused that natural gas is recognized worldwide as the main and leading alternative to oil products in the transportation sector. There is a huge barrier to convince vehicle users to switch to natural gas, the lack of refueling infrastructure for natural gas vehicles (NGV) is frequently the case. The key to solve this problem is to provide a refueling infrastructure solution for natural gas vehicles, fast refueling units ready to work in household condition. Home fast refueling units operate with natural gas (methane), which is being provided through gas pipeline grid and become the largest vehicle refueling infrastructure. Home fast refueling units and NGV owners will enjoy day-to-day time savings and convenience: Home car refueling in minutes, month-to-month fuel cost economy, year-to-year incentives and tax deductibles on natural gas refueling system as per country, reduce CO2 local emissions, saving costs and money. The procedures of the final production prototype, independent of operational performance and accounting for the safety issues have been tested and described in the paper. The aim of the safety tests is to test externally and independently analyze HRS production prototypes for safety aspects. The test simulated various scenarios and operational conditions and situations and was analyzed to show how current production prototype responds to various simulations. The operational performance tests were dedicated to external independent testing of HRS production prototypes for operational performance. The main tested parameters were productivity m3/h, energy consumption kW/h, the speed (rate) of refueling is hour or min.
Tomasz Wlodek
AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Title: Possibilities and selected aspects of hydrogen energy storage
Biography:
Tomasz Wlodek is currently working as a Research Assistant in Natural Gas Engineering Department. His main research interests are related to LNG technology, pipeline transmission of natural gas, hydrogen and CO2 and natural gas composition analysis.
Abstract:
Energy storage methods may be used for covering energy demand fluctuations and for integration power generation from renewable energy sources as wind plants and solar farms. Classic form of energy storage is hydropower energy storage in top-pumped power plants. Other possibilities of energy storage as alternatives for classic solutions are compressed air or hydrogen energy storage in appropriate geological conditions. Salt caverns are the most relevant formations for hydrogen and compressed air energy storage. The possibilities of hydrogen energy storage application in Polish conditions are presented in this paper. In Poland, there are many suitable geological formations for salt caverns construction, especially in northern and north-western part of the country. Also in northern and western part of Poland, there are the most suitable wind conditions for wind farm localization. The location of large industrial plants (e.g., oil refineries in Gdansk and Plock), which need hydrogen for their technological processes, is also very important factor. In this case the salt caverns may be hydrogen storage for industrial purposes besides the energy storage. This situation requires the design of all infrastructures for transportation and utilization of hydrogen. Hydrogen may be transported in especially designed high pressure pipelines. Pipeline transport of hydrogen is quite similar to natural gas transport. Physical properties of hydrogen cause lower pressure drops along the pipeline. One of methods of hydrogen utilization is to add it to natural gas pipeline system for improvement of natural gas transportation parameters. Hydrogen transportation and storage processes causes’ material challenges because of the hydrogen potential to penetrate the crystal lattice of steel leading to hydrogen corrosion. In this paper underground hydrogen storage methods and design aspects of salt caverns and infrastructure challenges are considered. It is concluded that there are possibilities for effective hydrogen energy storage in Poland.
Qunming Liu
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, China
Title: Optimized well spacing technique of mixed well type for tight gas sand in China
Biography:
Qunming Liu is currently a Reservoir Engineer in Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration ＆Development, CNPC. He received Master’s degree in Petroleum Geology from China University of Geosciences (2009) and PhD in Petroleum Development Engineering from the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration ＆ Development (2012). His main research interests are natural gas development geology and tight gas development.
Abstract:
With continuously deeper development of "Sulige" Gas Field, which is domestic typical representative of Tight Gas Sand, its development pattern has already changed from single vertical well development to multiple well-type development including vertical, cluster and horizontal well. How to optimize Well Spacing of multiple well type under complicated geological conditions is one of key technique problems for enhancing recovery rate of gas field. Based on the fine geological a anatomy of dense well pattern test area using reservoir architectural analysis method, large-scale composite sand body of braided river is divided into 4-grade architectural elements, which is braided river system, composite channel sand body, single channel and point bar and optimizing well spacing technique targeting composite channel sand body, the second grade architectural elements, has formed. According to the differences of interior reservoir structure characteristic, three lithofacies types of the second grade architectural elements, which is superposition belt, transitional belt and inter-system belt is identified, and ancient landform controls the distribution of different lithofacies types. Reservoir pattern determine development well type: superposition belt suitable for the integral development of horizontal well, transitional belt suitable for the cluster well development, and inter-system belt suitable for the vertical well development of sweet spot, and quantitative recognition standard of various lithofacies has been established. The field application of such technique showed satisfactory results, 63 horizontal wells, 9 cluster well groups consisting of 5~7 wells, and 12 vertical wells, have been deployed, and numerical simulation result shows recovery rate of gas field is enhanced a lot due to mixed well type development especially horizontal well development. Research results instructed the next development of Sulige Gas Field, and provide reference for domestic gas reservoir of such type.
Cheng Lihua
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, China
Title: The characteristics and development patterns of basement reservoir: A case study of Dongping gasfield, in the Qaidam basin
Biography:
Cheng Lihua is a Senior Gas Development Engineer. He has received his PhD in Petroleum Geology from China University of Petroleum in 2006. He has worked in Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development. For the past 10 years, he has been engaged in the research of reservoir characterization, tight gas development, carbonate gas development, and basement rock gas development. He has published more than ten articles and one book about oil and gas development.
Abstract:
So far, oil reservoirs account for most of the basement reservoirs which are developed. Basement gas reservoirs are relatively rare and most of them are developed for a short period. The Dongping gasfield of the Qaidam basin is a typical basement reservoir, which were developed in 2013. It is very meaningful to study on the development characteristics of basement gas reservoirs in depth. The thick basement rocks are usually old blocks which have endured a very long period of uplifting, exposure and weathering. There are mainly two types of reservoir spaces in basement rocks. One of them is the zone of dissolved pores and caves, which is commonly a thin zone with relatively good porosity. The other is the fracture belt, which is a relatively thick and less porous belt formed by the mechanism of tectonic movement, surface water dissolution or/and underground water dissolution. These two types of reservoir spaces make the basement rocks a typical dual-porosity reservoir. Basement reservoirs are always characterized with low porosity and relatively high permeability. The tested productivities of basement reservoirs are very high. Some wells may show open-flow capacities more than a million m3/d. The high tested productivities may be caused by high connectivity of basement reservoirs, which makes it much easier for gas to flow in a large area. Another characteristic of basement reservoir is their high single well production rate and their capacities for stable production. Their production indexes are in the range of maximum production capacity. This is depended on the controlling of producing rate and the preventing of bottom water coning. Comparing to conventional gas reservoirs, basement reservoirs show some unique features, which are their block shape, high reservoir connectivity, bottom water and high single well producing rate. Development of basement reservoirs should pay full attention to those unique characteristics. Development strategy should be based on the view of the whole reservoir and well pattern should be optimized to yield a high production rate.
Gao Xiaolong
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Title: Bioemulsifier mediated high concentrations of sludge treatment technology and application
Biography:
Gao Xiaolong is a Master’s student whose research focuses on the purification and structure analysis of bioemulsifier, and environmental remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, especially towards the heavy crude oil polluted soil and water.
Abstract:
The bioemulsifier was secreted by strain Geobacillus pallidus XS2-450 which was obtained based on atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutation of XS2, isolated from oil-contaminated soil in the Yumen oilfield, China. The bioemulsifier was extracted, purified and characterized, and its emulsifying properties were evaluated. The purified bioemulsifier showed high emulsifying activity (E24%=83%) on xylene. The chemical characterization of the bioemulsifer was performed using HPLC/MS/MS and GC/MS. It was found to contain 76.2% of carbohydrates, consisting mainly of galactose mannose rhamnose and glucose, 7.3% proteins with a 60 KDa active component and 16.5% of lipids. The results suggest that the bioemulsifier was a glycolipids-protein complex. Furthermore, the composite microbial communities major including bioemulsifer, biosurfactants and other active metabolites coupled with nutrients and trace elements were used to deal with sludge samples, the oil content of the oily sludge samples decreased from 6.1% to 0.8%. These data illustrated that the bioemulsifier performed a high potential in applications and had important economic values.
Wang Xingbiao
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Title: Composite microbial oil displacement agent enhanced oil recovery in Changqing Oilfield, PR China
Biography:
Wang Xingbiao has his expertise in microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon and metabolites analysis. His open and contextual evaluation model is based on mechanism of hydrocarbon degradation and metabolism. After years of experience in research, application, administration both in laboratory and oil well and oil polluted sites. His main work focused on microbial enhanced oil recovery and crude oil pollution management, and has improved the oil recovery more than 4 oil wells, increased 200 tons of oil extraction. Cumulatively, another important application work was reducing heavy oil in soil from 21.0% to 0.2% (w/w) in the oily sludge treatment, and the annual output value was more than 3 million US dollars in 3 oilfields of China.
Abstract:
Crude oil recovery technologies were unable to meet the growing energy demand in China. Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) was one of the most effective recovery methods for the oil fields. Biosurfactant in oil degradation and emulsification changed the solid oil into liquid oil to be exploited. This was the most important mechanism of MEOR technology, but because of the complex geological conditions of different oil reservoir types, the microorganisms used in petroleum recovery lack enough environmental adaptability. Several high environmental adaptive capacity microfloras were screened, which withstand high temperature (30-80°C), salinity (NaCl concentration of 5-20%, w/v) and pH (5-9). Produced biosurfactant withstand 10-90°C, pH 5-12, NaCl concentration 1-20% (w/v). Further fermentation process optimization was carried out, and the active metabolites including bioemulsifiers, biosurfactants, acids and alcohol showed good potential for application. This can greatly improve the oil remaining after waterflood recovery from 11.55% to 30.78% by physical model. A variety of active microfloras which form a complex system can reduce the surface tension, improve emulsifying activity and emulsion stability. The surface tension (less than 30 mN/m) and emulsifying activity (more than 60%) were maintained at a strong level, better emulsification activity for crude oil can be maintained for more than 120 h, which showed potential industrial application. The composite microbial oil displacement agent with nutrients and trace elements has been injected into the oil well in Changqing Oilfield. Results showed that oil production of the low yielding well (0.2 T/day) was improved more than 3 times, the produced liquid water content decreased by more than 75%, from 85% reduced to 25%, oil recovery is improved by 5-8 times, from 0.15 T/d to 0.9 T/d.
Sergey K Sokhoshko
Tyumen Industrial University, Russia
Title: Modeling the operation of complex trajectory oil and gas wells in the steady state
Biography:
Sergey K Sokhoshko has defended his PhD thesis at the Tyumen State Oil and Gas University (Russian Federation). Currently, he is a Professor of the Department of Oil and Gas Fields Development and Production. He specializes in modeling of oil and gas wells with complex trajectories, as well as hydraulic fracturing.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Presently when drilling horizontal wells the length of a wellbore traced through the producing formation can stretch many hundreds of meters. In order to calculate productivity of such well and its separate intervals it is very important to know the fluid to the wellbore inflow profile, inflow rate along the wellbore as well as pressure drop along the wellbore. The objective of this study is to obtain a technical solution and to develop a calculation technique which would allow calculation of the above operation parameters for steady state of both oil and gas wells with complex trajectories.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: The point source method was used to simulate perforations in the wellbores of both oil and gas wells in order to calculate the mode of operation of a complex trajectory well. A calculation result for a fixed flow point source in a formation with impermeable top and bottom and available external reservoir boundary (injection wells) was obtained using results of calculations of the fixed flow point sources in an infinite formation in addition to the infinite imaging method relative to the top and bottom of formation.
Findings: Productivity of a complex trajectory well as well as the profile of fluid movement to the wellbore depend on the well trajectory, type of bottom hole completion and producing formation parameters, which have to be taken into account both in well planning as well as in field development design stages.
Conclusion & Significance: The designed technique allows to calculate the productivity in complex trajectory wells and in its separate intervals, pressure drop in the wellbore, increases in the oil and gas flow rates, as well as to calculate an optimum length of horizontal section of the wellbore and its trajectory through the producing formation.
Biography:
Muhammed A Ismail graduated from Baghdad University, Faculty of Engineering, Petroleum Engineering Department in 2006, June. In September 2007, he successfully passed the Turkish examination conducted in Kirkuk and got eligibility to study Master's in Republic of Turkey. In 2007, he started in Gazi University in Turkey, Ankara, Training and Education Center (Tomer). I participated successfully TCS exam in 2008, July and got study in Istanbul University. In 14-Oct-2008 registered in Istanbul University Faculty of Engineering Geological Engineering Department. In 18-Aug-2011 graduated from this school and got a master's degree. In 2011, September I started working as a teaching in Kirkuk University. In 2013, October I got a scholarship to study for a doctorate PhD in Azerbaijan, Baku. Know I’m studying in Khazar University Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Petroleum and Gas Engineering department.
Abstract:
The main aim of this research is to determine nearest and acceptable predicted permeability value obtained from wire line logs compared with those values coming from core sample analysis within two wells belonging to two domes from small giant Bai Hassan oil field, using irreducible water saturation graph method. This work consists of three main parts: Part one is well logs analysis, which involves determination of Archie petrophysical parameters, porosity corrected from volume of shale, water saturation and irreducible water saturation. The second part is predicting permeability using irreducible water saturation from well log analysis and comparing the estimated values with the data of permeability that measured from core sample in BH-20 and BH-53 well. The last part was using SPSS statistic software to determine the factor that can give the very nearest and acceptable values, these values uses to estimate real permeability for another wells distributed on each dome of the small giant Bai Hassan oil field. Excellent correlation obtained (R2=0.978 in BH-20 and R2=0.9945 in BH-53) between estimated permeability values based on irreducible water saturation and permeability that got from core sample. The result of statistical method (SPSS software) is:
K Core = (K Predicted*1.040)-3.363 (BH-20) [Kithka Dome]
K Core = (K Predicted*1.030)-3.359 (BH-53) [Daoud Dome]